The topic "Subsidies & CBAM and Technical Architecture" addresses the interplay between government subsidies, the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), and the technical frameworks supporting their implementation. Subsidies, often provided to domestic industries, can distort international trade and impact carbon pricing efforts by lowering production costs regardless of environmental impact. CBAM, proposed by the EU, aims to level the playing field by imposing carbon costs on imports equivalent to those faced by domestic producers, thereby addressing carbon leakage and encouraging global emissions reductions. The technical architecture underpinning CBAM involves systems for monitoring, reporting, and verifying the carbon content of imported goods. This includes data collection mechanisms, digital platforms for certificate management, and integration with customs procedures to ensure compliance and transparency. The architecture must balance accuracy, efficiency, and fraud prevention while accommodating diverse product categories and international trade flows. Ultimately, aligning subsidies policies with CBAM's goals and establishing robust technical infrastructure is crucial for effective climate governance, fair competition, and achieving global emission reduction targets.