"Blockchain Traceability and Regulatory Risk" addresses the intersection of blockchain technology's potential to enhance supply chain transparency and the challenges posed by regulatory frameworks. Blockchain offers immutable, decentralized ledgers that enable precise tracking of products’ origins and movements, improving traceability in industries like food, pharmaceuticals, and luxury goods. This transparency can help companies comply with regulations related to product safety, anti-counterfeiting, and ethical sourcing. However, regulatory risks arise from the evolving legal landscape governing blockchain use. Issues include data privacy concerns under laws like GDPR, jurisdictional challenges given blockchain’s decentralized nature, and uncertain liabilities when errors or fraud occur. Regulators may also impose requirements on data accuracy, security standards, and auditability that blockchain systems must meet. Furthermore, integration of blockchain traceability with existing compliance frameworks is complex and may expose firms to enforcement actions if not properly managed. In summary, while blockchain traceability offers significant benefits for regulatory compliance and risk mitigation, firms must carefully navigate regulatory uncertainties and design blockchain solutions that align with legal requirements to minimize compliance risks.